Discovered by Thomas Defler, Marta Bueno, and Javier Garcia during an expedition to the Department of Caquetá in Colombia in 2008, the find was a culmination of data collected over 30 years ago when Martin Moynihan, expert in animal behavior, recorded observations of a mysterious titi. However, researchers were forced to avoid the area for years due to insurgent activity. When the area become safe to visit again, Garcia, a native of Caquetá, searched for Moynihan's mystery monkey and discovered 13 populations of a new species.
"This discovery is extremely exciting because we had heard about this animal, but for a long time we could not confirm if it was different from other titis. We now know that this is a unique species, and it shows the rich diversity of life that is still to be discovered in the Amazon," Defler said in a press release.
The new species of titi monkey: the Caquetá titi ( Callicebus caquetensis), discovered in the Colombian Amazon. Photo by: Javier Garcia.
About the size of a cat, the new monkey lacks the white bar on its forehead common to many closely-related titis. Titi monkeys are unique in that probably all species are monogamous, forming lifelong pair-bonds. Partners give birth to one offspring a year, and force the baby from last year to become independent at that point. They also employ highly complex call to communicate.
The researchers believe that the Caquetá titi is on the edge of extinction, estimated that less than 250 individuals survive in the world. Their habitat is being increasingly fragmented by agriculture, hemming the monkeys in by savannah and barbed wire.
"This discovery is particularly important because it reminds us that we should celebrate the diversity of earth but also we must take action now to preserve it," José Vicente RodrÃguez, head of science at Conservation International in Colombia and president of the Colombia Association of Zoology, said in a press release.
"When world leaders meet later this year in Japan for the Convention on Biological Diversity, they must commit to the creation of many more protected areas if we want to ensure the survival of threatened creatures like this in the Amazon and around the world," he adds.
In recent years researchers have discovered a number of new monkeys. Last year reasearchers announced a new subspecies of tamarin: Mura's saddleback tamarin (Saguinus fuscicollis mura) found the Brazilian Amazon. In 2008 researchers found a new species of uakari monkey, named the Aracá uakari (Cacajao ayresii) after it was killed by the Yanomamo tribe also in Brazil.
New monkeys have also been discovered in Africa recently. In 2007 researchers confirmed that a population of what was thought to be Grey-cheeked mangabeys was actually a new species, now called Uganda mangabey (Lophocebus ugandae). In 2005 researchers found an even bigger surprise in Africa. A new monkey that belongs in its own genus: the Critically Endangered kipunji (Rungwecebus kipunji). The kipunji, which is among the top 25 most endangered primates in the world, was the first new monkey genus to be described since 1923.
