Events
- 1174 - William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Henry II of England.
- 1558 - Battle of Gravelines: In France, Spanish forces led by Count Lamoral of Egmont defeat the French forces of Marshal Paul des Thermes at Gravelines.
- 1573 - Eighty Years' War: The Siege of Haarlem ends after seven months.
- 1643 - English Civil War: Battle of Roundway Down - In England, Henry Wilmot, 1st Earl of Rochester, commanding the Royalist forces, wins a crushing victory over the Parliamentarian Sir William Waller.
- 1787 - The Continental Congress enacts the Northwest Ordinance establishing governing rules for the Northwest Territory. It also establishes procedures for the admission of new states and limits the expansion of slavery.
- 1794 - Battle of the Vosges between French forces and those of Prussia and Austria
- 1854 - In the Battle of Guaymas, Mexico, General Jose Maria Yanez stops the French invasion led by Count Gaston de Raousset Boulbon.
- 1863 - New York Draft Riots: In New York City, opponents of conscription begin three days of rioting which will be later regarded as the worst in United States history.
- 1878 - Treaty of Berlin: The European powers redraw the map of the Balkans. Serbia, Montenegro and Romania become completely independent of the Ottoman empire.
- 1919 - The British airship R34 lands in Norfolk, England, completing the first airship return journey across the Atlantic in 182 hours of flight.
- 1923 - The Hollywood Sign is officially dedicated in the hills above Hollywood, Los Angeles. It originally reads "Hollywoodland " but the four last letters are dropped after renovation in 1949.
- 1941 - World War II: Montenegrins start popular uprising against the Axis Powers (Trinaestojulski ustanak).
- 1973 - Alexander Butterfield reveals the existence of the Nixon tapes to the special Senate committee investigating the Watergate break in.
- 1985 - The Live Aid benefit concert takes place in London and Philadelphia, as well as other venues such as Sydney and Moscow.
- 1985 - Vice President George H.W. Bush became the Acting President for the day when President Ronald Reagan underwent surgery to remove polyps from his colon.
- 100 BC - Julius Caesar, Roman military and political leader (d. 44 BC) (born either July 12 or July 13)
- 40 AD - Gnaeus Julius Agricola, Roman Governor of Britain (d. 93 AD)
- 1527 - John Dee, English scientist (d. 1609)
- 1579 - Arthur Dee, English physician (d. 1651)
- 1590 - Pope Clement X (d. 1676)
- 1607 - Václav Hollar, Bohemian-born artist (d. 1677)
- 1608 - Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1657)
- 1745 - Robert Calder, British naval officer (d. 1818)
- 1770 - Alexander Balashov, Russian general (d. 1837)
- 1776 - Caroline of Baden, queen of Bavaria (d. 1841)
- 1793 - John Clare, English poet (d. 1864)
- 1798 - Alexandra Feodorovna (Charlotte of Prussia), Tsarina of Russia (d. 1860)
- 1821 - Nathan Bedford Forrest, American Confederate cavalry officer, and founder of the original Ku Klux Klan (d. 1877)
- 1841 - Otto Wagner, Austrian architect (d. 1918)
- 1858 - Stewart Culin, American ethnographer (d. 1929)
- 1859 - Sidney Webb, British socialist (d. 1947)
- 1864 - John Jacob Astor IV, American entrepreneur (d. 1912)
- 1889 - Louise of Mountbatten, Queen of Sweden (d. 1965)
- 1894 - Isaac Babel, Ukrainian writer (d. 1940)
- 1895 - Sidney Blackmer, American actor (d. 1973)
- 1896 - Mordecai Ardon, Israeli painter (d. 1992)
- 1898 - Julius Schreck, member of the Nazi party (d. 1936)
- 1900 - George Lewis, American musician (d. 1969)
- 1901 - Eric Portman, English stage and film actor (d. 1969)
- 1903 - Kenneth Clark, English art historian (d. 1983)
- 1905 - Alfredo M. Santos, First Four-star General of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, World War II hero (d. 1990)
- 1913 - Dave Garroway, American television host (d. 1982)
- 1913 - Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller, Danish shipping magnate
- 1918 - Alberto Ascari, Italian race car driver, and two-time F1 world champion (d. 1955)
- 1920 - Bill Towers, English footballer (d. 2000)
- 1921 - Git Gay, Swedish actress and singer (d. 2007)
- 1921 - Ernest Gold, Austrian composer (d. 1999)
- 1921 - Friedrich Peter, Austrian poltitician (d. 2005)
- 1922 - Ken Mosdell, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2006)
- 1922 - Anker Jørgensen, Danish Prime Minister, Democratic Socialist
- 1924 - Carlo Bergonzi, Italian singer
- 1924 - Michel Constantin, French film actor (d. 2003)
- 1927 - Simone Veil, French politician
- 1928 - Tommaso Buscetta, Sicilian mafioso and pentito (d. 2000)
- 1928 - Bob Crane, American actor (d. 1978)
- 1928 - Leroy Vinnegar, American jazz bassist
- 1929 - Sofia Muratova, Soviet gymnast
- 1931 - Frank Ramsey, American basketball player
- 1932 - Hubert Reeves, Canadian astrophysicist
- 1933 - Patsy Byrne, English actress
- 1934 - Wole Soyinka, Nigerian writer, Nobel laureate
- 1934 - Aleksei Yeliseyev, Soviet cosmonaut
- 1935 - Jack Kemp, American football player and politician
- 1936 - Albert Ayler, American musician (d. 1970)
- 1940 - Patrick Stewart, English actor
- 1941 - Robert Forster, American actor
- 1941 - Jacques Perrin, French actor and filmmaker
- 1942 - Harrison Ford, American actor
- 1942 - Roger McGuinn, American musician (The Byrds)
- 1944 - Ernő Rubik, Hungarian inventor
- 1946 - Cheech Marin, American actor
- 1948 - Catherine Breillat, French director and screenwriter
- 1948 - Daphne Maxwell Reid, Actress
- 1950 - George "Pinky" Nelson, American astronaut
- 1950 - Ma Ying-jeou, President of the Republic of China, former mayor of Taipei, former chairman of the Kuomintang (KMT)
- 1951 - Rob Bishop, American politician
- 1953 - Mila Mulroney, wife of former Canadian prime minister Brian Mulroney
- 1954 - Sezen Aksu, Turkish singer
- 1954 - Rick Chartraw, American ice hockey player
- 1954 - Louise Mandrell, American musician
- 1954 - David Thompson, American basketball player
- 1956 - Claude Giroux, Canadian midget wrestler
- 1956 - Michael Spinks, American former boxer
- 1957 - Thierry Boutsen, Belgian racing driver
- 1957 - Cameron Crowe, American film director
- 1957 - Phil Margera, father of Bam Margera
- 1959 - Richard Leman, English field hockey player
- 1960 - Ian Hislop, English writer, editor of Private Eye
- 1961 - Stelios Manolas, Greek footballer and manager
- 1961 - Tim Watson, Australian rules footballer
- 1962 - Tom Kenny, American voice actor
- 1962 - Rhonda Vincent, American singer
- 1963 - Neal Foulds, English snooker player
- 1963 - Spud Webb, American basketball player
- 1966 - Gerald Levert, American singer (d. 2006)
- 1967 - Benny Benassi, Italian disc jockey
- 1967 - Dean Barnett, American Conservative blogger
- 1968 - Robert Gant, American actor
- 1969 - Mark Greenway, British vocalist
- 1969 - Kakhi Kakhiashvili, Georgian-born Greek weightlifter
- 1969 - Oleg Serebrian, Moldovan politician and political scientist
- 1970 - Barry Pinches, English snooker player
- 1972 - Sean Waltman, American wrestler
- 1973 - Ariel Silvio Zárate, Argentine footballer
- 1974 - Deborah Cox, Canadian R&B singer
- 1974 - Jarno Trulli, Italian race car driver
- 1975 - Danni Boatwright, American model, sports caster, and Survivor contestant
- 1976 - Al Santos, American model and actor
- 1976 - Sheldon Souray, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1977 - Ashley Scott, American actress
- 1979 - Craig Bellamy, Welsh footballer
- 1982 - Christopher Bauman, American professional wrestler (d. 2005)
- 1982 - Joost van den Broek, Dutch keyboard player (After Forever)
- 1982 - Shin-Soo Choo, South Korean baseball player
- 1982 - Simon Clist, English footballer
- 1982 - Yadier Molina, Puerto Rican baseball player
- 1983 - Liu Xiang, Chinese hurdling athlete
- 1983 - Kristof Beyens, Belgian athlete
- 1985 - Guillermo Ochoa, Mexican footballer
- 1989 - Sayumi Michishige, Japanese singer (Morning Musume)
- 1990 - Matt Weinberg, American actor
- 1992 - Dylan Patton, American actor
- 1992 - Elise Matthysen, Belgian swimmer
- 939 - Pope Leo VII
- 1189 - Matilda of England, daughter of Henry II of England (b. 1156)
- 1205 - Hubert Walter, Archbishop of Canterbury and Justicier of England
- 1357 - Bartolus de Saxoferrato Italian jurist (b. 1313)
- 1399 - Peter Parler, German architect (b. 1330)
- 1402 - Jianwen Emperor of China (b. 1377)
- 1551 - John Wallop, English soldier and diplomat (b. 1490)
- 1621 - Archduke Albert of Austria, Governor of the Low Countries (b. 1559)
- 1626 - Robert Sidney, 1st Earl of Leicester, English statesman (b. 1563)
- 1628 - Robert Shirley, English adventurer (b. 1581)
- 1629 - Caspar Bartholin the Elder, Swedish physician and theologian (b. 1585)
- 1645 - Tsar Michael I of Russia (b. 1596)
- 1683 - Arthur Capell, 1st Earl of Essex, English statesman (b. 1631)
- 1693 - Hendrik Trajectinus, Count of Solms, Dutch lieutenant-general (b. 1636)
- 1705 - Titus Oates, English Protestant conspirator (b. 1649)
- 1755 - Edward Braddock, British general
- 1760 - Conrad Weiser, Pennsylvania's ambassador to the Native Americans (b. 1696)
- 1761 - Tokugawa Ieshige, Japanese shogun (b. 1712)
- 1762 - James Bradley, English Astronomer Royal (b. 1693)
- 1789 - Victor de Riqueti, marquis de Mirabeau, French economist (b. 1715)
- 1793 - Jean-Paul Marat, French revolutionary (b. 1743)
- 1807 - Henry Benedict Stuart, Jacobite claimant to the throne of England (b. 1725)
- 1882 - Johnny Ringo, American Gunfighter (b. 1850)
- 1889 - Robert Hamerling, Austrian poet (b. 1830)
- 1890 - John C. Frémont, American army officer, explorer and presidential candidate (b. 1813)
- 1896 - Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz, German chemist (b. 1829)
- 1921 - Gabriel Lippmann, Luxembourg scientist (b. 1845)
- 1922 - Martin Dies, American politician (b. 1870)
- 1946 - Alfred Stieglitz, American photographer (b. 1864)
- 1951 - Arnold Schoenberg, Austrian composer (b. 1874)
- 1954 - Frida Kahlo, Mexican painter (b. 1907)
- 1955 - Ruth Ellis, last woman to get the death sentence in Britain (b. 1926)
- 1960 - Joy Gresham, American writer (b. 1915)
- 1967 - Tom Simpson, British cyclist (b. 1937)
- 1973 - Willy Fritsch, German film actor (b. 1901)
- 1974 - Patrick Blackett, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1897)
- 1976 - Frederick Hawksworth, GWR Chief mechanical engineer. (b. 1884)
- 1976 - Joachim Peiper, German military leader (SS, by assassination; b. 1915)
- 1979 - Ludwig Merwart, Austrian painter and graphic artist (1913)
- 1980 - Seretse Khama, first President of Botswana (b. 1921)
- 1983 - Gabrielle Roy, Canadian author (b. 1909)
- 1993 - Davey Allison, American race car driver (b. 1961)
- 1995 - Godtfred Kirk Christiansen, Danish toy manufacturer (Lego Group) (b. 1920)
- 1996 - Pandro S. Berman, American film producer (b. 1905)
- 1997 - Miguel Ãngel Blanco, Spanish politician (b. 1968)
- 2002 - Yousuf Karsh, Turkish-born Armenian photographer (b. 1908)
- 2003 - Compay Segundo, Cuban musician (b. 1907)
- 2004 - Arthur Kane, American musician (b. 1949)
- 2004 - Carlos Kleiber, Austrian conductor (b. 1930)
- 2006 - Red Buttons, American comedian (b. 1919)
- Mongolia - Naadam Holiday, 3rd day
- Bahá'à Faith - Feast of Kálimát (Words) - First day of the seventh month of the Bahá'à calendar
- Bon Festival - Start of Buddhist festival to honor the dead (East Japan; date varies)
- Abd-al-Masih, Christian saint and martyr
- Abel of Tacla Haimonot in the Coptic Church
- Saint Anacletus, pope, martyr
- Saint Clelia Barbieri - Catholic saint
- Saint Eugenius, bishop of Carthage, and companions, confessors
- Saint Silas, apostle northern France
