Events
- 1525 - Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora, against the celibacy doctrine decreed by the Roman Catholic Church for priests and nuns.
- 1625 - King Charles I marries French princess Henrietta Maria de Bourbon
- 1774 - Rhode Island becomes the first of Britain's North American colonies to ban the importation of slaves.
- 1777 - American Revolutionary War: Marquis de Lafayette lands near Charleston, South Carolina, in order to help the Continental Congress to train its army.
- 1798 - Mission San Luis Rey de Francia is founded.
- 1805 - Lewis and Clark Expedition: scouting ahead of the expedition, Meriwether Lewis and four companions sight the Great Falls of the Missouri River.
- 1871 - In Labrador, a hurricane kills 300 people.
- 1881 - The USS Jeannette is crushed in an Arctic Ocean ice pack.
- 1886 - A fire devastates much of Vancouver, British Columbia.
- 1886 - King Ludwig II of Bavaria is found dead in Lake Starnberg south of Munich at 11:30 PM.
- 1893 - Grover Cleveland undergoes secret, successful surgery to remove a large, cancerous portion of his jaw; operation not revealed to US public until 1917, nine years after the president's death.
- 1898 - Yukon Territory is formed, with Dawson chosen as its capital.
- 1917 - World War I: the deadliest German air raid on London during World War I is carried out by Gotha G bombers and results in 162 deaths, including 46 children, and 432 injuries.
- 1927 - Aviator Charles Lindbergh receives a ticker-tape parade down 5th Avenue in New York City.
- 1934 - Adolf Hitler and Mussolini meet in Venice, Italy; Mussolini later describes the German dictator as "a silly little monkey".
- 1935 - In one of the biggest upsets in championship boxing, the 10 to 1 underdog James J. Braddock defeats Max Baer in Long Island City, New York, and becomes the heavyweight champion of the world.
- 1942 - The United States opens its Office of War Information.
- 1944 - World War II: Germany launches a counter attack on Carentan.
- 1944 - World War II: Germany launches a V1 Flying Bomb attack on England. Only four of the eleven bombs actually hit their targets.
- 1952 - Catalina affair: a Swedish Douglas DC-3 is shot down by a Soviet MiG-15 fighter.
- 1953 - Hungarian Prime Minister Mátyás Rákosi is replaced by Imre Nagy
- 1955 - Mir Mine, the first diamond mine in the USSR, is discovered.
- 1956 - Real Madrid wins the inaugural European Champion Clubs' Cup final, defeating Stade de Reims 4-3 at the Parc des Princes, Paris.
- 1966 - The United States Supreme Court rules in Miranda v. Arizona that the police must inform suspects of their rights before questioning them.
- 1967 - U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson nominates Solicitor-General Thurgood Marshall to become the first black justice on the U.S. Supreme Court.
- 1970 - "The Long and Winding Road" becomes the Beatles' last Number 1 song.
- 1971 - Vietnam War: The New York Times begins publication of the Pentagon Papers.
- 1977 - Convicted Martin Luther King Jr. assassin James Earl Ray is recaptured after escaping from prison three days before.
- 1978 - Israeli Defense Forces withdraw from Lebanon.
- 1981 - At the Trooping the Colour ceremony in London, a teenager, Marcus Sarjeant, fires six blank shots at Queen Elizabeth II.
- 1982 - Fahd becomes King of Saudi Arabia upon the death of his brother, Khalid.
- 1983 - Pioneer 10 becomes the first man-made object to leave the solar system.
- 1994 - A jury in Anchorage, Alaska, blames recklessness by Exxon and Captain Joseph Hazelwood for the Exxon Valdez disaster, allowing victims of the oil spill to seek $15 billion in damages.
- 1995 - French president Jacques Chirac announces the resumption of nuclear tests in French Polynesia.
- 1996 - The Montana Freemen surrender after an 81-day standoff with FBI agents.
- 1997 - A jury sentences Timothy McVeigh to the death for his part in the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing.
- 2000 - President Kim Dae Jung of South Korea meets Kim Jong-il, leader of North Korea, for the beginning of the first ever inter-Korea summit, in the northern capital of Pyongyang.
- 2000 - Italy pardons Mehmet Ali Agca, the Turkish gunman who tried to kill Pope John Paul II in 1981.
- 2002 - The United States of America withdraws from the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty.
- 2005 - A jury in Santa Maria, California acquits pop singer Michael Jackson of molesting 13-year-old Gavin Arvizo at his Neverland Ranch.
- 2007 - The Al Askari Mosque is bombed again.
- 823 - Charles the Bald, Holy Roman Emperor and King of the West Franks (d. 877)
- 1649 - Adrien Baillet, French scholar and critic (d. 1706)
- 1752 - Fanny Burney, English novelist and diarist (d. 1840)
- 1763 - José Bonifácio de Andrade e Silva, Brazilian statesman (d. 1838)
- 1773 - Thomas Young, English scientist (d. 1829)
- 1775 - Antoni Radziwiłł, Polish politician (d. 1833)
- 1786 - Winfield Scott, U.S. general (d. 1866)
- 1822 - Carl Schmidt, German chemist (d. 1884)
- 1831 - James Clerk Maxwell, Scottish physicist (d. 1879)
- 1864 - Rudolf Kjellén, Swedish political scientist (d. 1922)
- 1864 - Dwight B. Waldo, American educator and historian (d. 1939)
- 1863 - Lady Lucy Duff Gordon, English fashion designer (d. 1935)
- 1865 - William Butler Yeats, Irish writer, Nobel laureate (d. 1937)
- 1870 - Jules Bordet, Belgian immunologist and microbiologist, Nobel laureate (d. 1961)
- 1876 - William Sealey Gosset, English chemist, statistician (d. 1937)
- 1884 - Anton Drexler, founder of the German Worker's Party (d. 1942)
- 1884 - Gerald Gardner, British occultist (d. 1964)
- 1884 - Etienne Gilson, French philosopher (d. 1978)
- 1887 - Bruno Frank, German author (d. 1945)
- 1888 - Fernando Pessoa, Portuguese poet (d. 1935)
- 1892 - Basil Rathbone, English actor (d. 1967)
- 1893 - Dorothy L. Sayers, English author (d. 1957)
- 1894 - Dr. Leo Kanner, Austrian-American physician (d. 1981)
- 1894 - Jacques Henri Lartigue, French photographer (d. 1986)
- 1897 - Paavo Nurmi, Finnish runner (d. 1973)
- 1899 - Carlos Chávez, Mexican composer (d. 1978)
- 1901 - Tage Erlander, Prime Minister of Sweden (d. 1985)
- 1903 - Harold 'Red' Grange, American football player (d. 1991)
- 1906 - Bruno de Finetti, Italian mathematician (d. 1985)
- 1910 - Mary Whitehouse, British campaigner (d. 2001)
- 1910 - Gonzalo Torrente Ballester, Galician writer (d. 1999)
- 1910 - Mary Wickes, American actress (d. 1995)
- 1911 - Luis Alvarez, American physicist, Nobel laureate (d. 1988)
- 1911 - Erwin Müller, German-born physicist (d. 1977)
- 1912 - Hector de Saint-Denys Garneau, French Canadian poet (d. 1943)
- 1913 - Etienne Leroux, major Afrikaans author.
- 1915 - Don Budge, American tennis player (d. 2000)
- 1917 - Teddy Turner, comedian (d. 1992)
- 1918 - Ben Johnson, American actor (d. 1996)
- 1918 - Helmut Lent, German night fighter pilot (d. 1944)
- 1924 - Percy Rodriguez, Canadian actor (d. 2007)
- 1926 - Paul Lynde, American actor (d. 1982)
- 1928 - John Forbes Nash, American mathematician, Nobel laureate
- 1929 - Alan Civil, English French horn player (d. 1989)
- 1930 - Ryszard Kukliński, Polish colonel (d. 2004)
- 1931 - Irvin D. Yalom , psychotherapist,Emeritus Professor of Psychiatry at Stanford University
- 1933 - Tom King, British politician
- 1933 - Erich Ribbeck, German football soccer trainer
- 1934 - Lady Annabel Goldsmith, English socialite
- 1935 - Christo, Bulgarian artist
- 1935 - Jeanne-Claude Denat de Guillebonnt, French artist
- 1935 - Samak Sundaravej, Thai Prime Minister
- 1939 - Tom Cheek, American baseball player (d. 2005)
- 1940 - Bobby Freeman, American soul singer
- 1941 - Esther Ofarim, Israeli singer
- 1941 - Marcel Lachemann, American baseball player
- 1943 - Malcolm McDowell, English actor
- 1944 - Ban Ki-moon, the current U.N. Secretary General
- 1945 - Whitley Strieber, American author
- 1947 - A. G. Lafley, American executive director
- 1948 - Garnet Bailey, Canadian ice hockey player and executive (d. 2001)
- 1949 - Dennis Locorriere, American singer and guitarist (Dr. Hook & The Medicine Show)
- 1950 - Michael Stark, Australian actor
- 1950 - Gerd Zewe, German footballer
- 1951 - Richard Thomas, American actor
- 1951 - Stellan Skarsgård, Swedish actor
- 1952 - Tony Bruno, American talkshow host
- 1953 - Tim Allen, American comedian and actor
- 1954 - Andrzej Lepper, Polish politician
- 1954 - Rita Cadillac, Brazilian dancer
- 1955 - Alan Hansen, Scottish football pundit
- 1959 - Steve Georganas, Australian politician
- 1959 - Lance Kinsey, Canadian actor
- 1961 - Anders Järryd, Swedish tennis player
- 1962 - Ally Sheedy, American actress
- 1962 - Glenn Michibata, Canadian professional tennis player
- 1962 - Davey Hamilton, American racing driver
- 1963 - Bettina Bunge, German tennis player
- 1963 - Paul De Lisle, American musician (Smash Mouth)
- 1964 - Katherine Lucy Bridget Burke, English actress
- 1964 - Christian Wilhelm Berger, Romanian composer
- 1965 - Lukas Ligeti, Austrian composer and drummer
- 1965 - Infanta Cristina, Duchess of Palma de Mallorca
- 1966 - Grigori Perelman, Russian mathematician
- 1966 - Naoki Hattori, Japanese racing driver
- 1968 - David Gray, British musician
- 1968 - Denise Pearson, British singer (Five Star)
- 1968 - Fabio Baldato, Italyan cyclist
- 1969 - Svetlana Krivelyova, Russian athlete
- 1969 - Søren Nystrøm Rasted (d.2002)
- 1970 - Chris Cairns, New Zealand cricketer
- 1970 - Rivers Cuomo, American musician (Weezer)
- 1970 - Mikael Ljungberg, Swedish wrestler (d. 2004)
- 1972 - Natalie MacMaster, Canadian musician
- 1973 - Sam Adams, American football player
- 1973 - Mattias Hellberg, Swedish musician (The Hellacopters)
- 1973 - Ville Laihiala, Finnish musician (Sentenced, Poisonblack)
- 1973 - Kasia Kowalska, Polish pop rock singer
- 1974 - Selma Björnsdóttir, Icelandic singer
- 1974 - Steve-O, American television personality
- 1974 - Brande Roderick, American actress
- 1974 - Takahiro Sakurai, Japanese voice actor
- 1974 - Valeri Bure, Russian ice hockey player
- 1975 - Ante Covic, Australian footballer
- 1975 - Johannes Grenzfurthner, Austrian artist, writer, curator and director
- 1975 - Riccardo Scimeca, English footballer
- 1976 - Kym Marsh, English singer, actress, & T.V. presenter
- 1976 - Jason 'J' Brown, English Singer
- 1977 - Alaura Eden, American *** actress
- 1978 - Ethan Embry, American actor
- 1978 - Mathis Künzler, Swiss actor
- 1978 - Jason Michael Carroll, Country musician
- 1978 - Mikako Ichikawa, Japanese actress and model
- 1979 - Nila HÃ¥kedal, Norwegian beach volleyball player
- 1980 - Darius Vassell, English footballer
- 1980 - Florent Malouda, French footballer
- 1980 - Markus Winkelhock, German racing driver
- 1980 - Sarah Connor, German singer
- 1981 - Chris Evans, American actor
- 1981 - David Madden, 4th-ranked Jeopardy! champion of all-time
- 1982 - Kenenisa Bekele, Ethiopian athlete
- 1983 - Matt Allison, British racing driver
- 1983 - Jason Spezza Canadian Hockey Player
- 1984 - Nery Castillo, Mexican-Uruguayan footballer
- 1985 - Raz-B, American singer (B2K)
- 1985 - Danny Syvret, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1985 - Filipe Albuquerque, Portuguese racing driver
- 1986 - Kat Dennings, American actress
- 1986 - Ashley Olsen, American actress
- 1986 - Mary-Kate Olsen, American actress
- 1989 - Lisa Tucker, American singer
- 1990 - Aaron Johnson, British actor
- 1036 - Ali az-Zahir, caliph (b. 1005)
- 1231 - Anthony of Padua, Portuguese saint (b. 1195)
- 1256 - Tankei, Japanese sculptor (b. 1173)
- 1636 - George Gordon, 1st Marquess of Huntly, Scottish politician (b. 1562)
- 1645 - Miyamoto Musashi, Japanese swordsman
- 1665 - Egbert Bartholomeusz Kortenaer, Dutch admiral (b. 1604)
- 1760 - Antoine Court, French Huguenot minister (b. 1696)
- 1784 - Henry Middleton, American president of the Continental Congress (b. 1717)
- 1881 - Josef Skoda, Czech physician (b. 1805)
- 1886 - King Ludwig II of Bavaria (b. 1845)
- 1898 - Joseph-Adolphe Chapleau, Canadian lawyer and politician (b. 1840)
- 1918 - Tsar Mikhail Alexandrovitch Romanov (b. 1878)
- 1930 - Henry Segrave, British racing driver who held land speed records and the water speed record (b. 1896)
- 1931 - Shibasaburo Kitasato, Japanese physician (b. 1851)
- 1943 - Kočo Racin, Macedonian poet (b. 1908)
- 1951 - Ben Chifley, Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1885)
- 1958 - Edwin Keppel Bennett, British writer (b. 1887)
- 1965 - Martin Buber, Austrian philosopher (b. 1878)
- 1965 - David Drummond, Australian politician (b. 1890)
- 1972 - Clyde McPhatter, American musician (b. 1932)
- 1972 - Georg von Békésy, Hungarian biophysicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1899)
- 1972 - Stephanie von Hohenlohe, Austrian-born German World War II spy (b. 1891)
- 1972 - Dündar Taşer, Turkish nationalist (b. 1925)
- 1977 - Matthew Garber, British child actor (Mary Poppins) (b. 1956)
- 1979 - Darla Hood, American actress (b. 1931)
- 1980 - Walter Rodney, Guyanese historian and political figure (b. 1942)
- 1982 - King Khalid of Saudi Arabia (b. 1912)
- 1982 - Peter Maivia, wrestler (b. 1935)
- 1982 - Riccardo Paletti, Formula One driver (b. 1958)
- 1986 - Benny Goodman, American musician (b. 1909)
- 1987 - Geraldine Page, American actress (b. 1924)
- 1989 - Fran Allison, American, early television personality (Kukla, Fran and Ollie) (b. 1907)
- 1993 - Deke Slayton, astronaut (b. 1924)
- 1993 - Gérard Côté, Canadian runner (b. 1913)
- 1998 - Birger Ruud, Norwegian athlete (b. 1911)
- 2002 - John Hope, American meteorologist (b. 1919)
- 2003 - Malik Meraj Khalid, Former caretaker Prime Minister of Pakistan (b. 1916)
- 2004 - Dick Durrance, American skier (b. 1914)
- 2004 - Ralph Wiley, American journalist and writer (b. 1952)
- 2005 - Jonathan Adams, English actor (b. 1931)
- 2005 - Ãlvaro Cunhal, Portuguese politician and writer (b. 1913)
- 2005 - David Diamond, American composer (b. 1915)
- 2005 - Lane Smith, American actor (b. 1936)
- 2006 - Charles Haughey, Taoiseach (b. 1925)
- 2007 - Walid Eido, Lebanese MP (b. 1942
- Roman Empire – Quinquatrus Minusculae held in honor of Minerva
- Roman Empire – seventh day of the Vestalia in honor of Vesta
- Saint Anthony of Padua, priest, confessor, Doctor of the Church
- Saint Agricius, bishop of Sens, confessor
- Saint Leo III, pope
- Saint Onuphrius, hermit, confessor
- Blessed Thomas Woodhouse, martyr
