Events
- 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering Rome at the head of a group of gladiators.
- 1098 - First Crusade: Antioch falls to the crusaders after an eight-month siege.
- 1140 - French scholar Peter Abelard is found guilty of heresy.
- 1326 - Treaty of Novgorod delineates borders between Russia and Norway in Finnmark.
- 1539 - DeSoto claims Florida for Spain
- 1608 - Samuel de Champlain completes his third voyage to New France at Tadoussac, Quebec.
- 1620 - Construction of the oldest stone church in French North America, Notre-Dame-des-Anges, begins at Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
- 1621 - The Dutch West India Company receives a charter for New Netherlands.
- 1658 - Pope Alexander VII appoints François de Laval vicar apostolic in New France.
- 1665 - James Stuart, Duke of York (later to become King James II of England) defeats the Dutch Fleet off the coast of Lowestoft.
- 1770 - Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo is founded in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California.
- 1800 - U.S. President John Adams takes up residence in Washington, DC (in a tavern – the White House was not yet completed).
- 1850 - The traditional founding date of Kansas City, Missouri. This was the date on which it was first incorporated by Jackson County, Missouri as the "City of Kansas".
- 1864 - American Civil War: Battle of Cold Harbor - Union forces attack Confederate troops in Hanover County, Virginia.
- 1866 - Fenians are driven out of Fort Erie, Ontario, into the United States to a heroes' welcome.
- 1885 - Last military engagement fought on Canadian soil: Cree leader Big Bear escapes the North West Mounted Police.
- 1888 - The poem "Casey at the Bat", by Ernest Lawrence Thayer, is published in the San Francisco Examiner.
- 1889 - The Canadian Pacific Railway is completed from coast to coast.
- 1889 - The first long-distance electric power transmission line in the United States is completed, running 14 miles between a generator at Willamette Falls and downtown Portland, Oregon, United States.
- 1907 - Centro Escolar University was established by Librada Avelino and Carmen de Luna in Manila, Philippines.
- 1916 - The ROTC is established by the U.S. Congress.
- 1916 - The National Defense Act is signed into law, increasing the size of the United States National Guard by 450,000 men.
- 1935 - One thousand unemployed Canadian workers board freight cars in Vancouver, British Columbia, beginning a protest trek to Ottawa, Ontario.
- 1937 - The Duke of Windsor marries Wallis Simpson.
- 1940 - World War II: The Luftwaffe bombs Paris.
- 1940 - World War II: The Battle of Dunkirk ends with a German victory and with Allied forces in full retreat.
- 1943 - A mob of 60 from the Los Angeles Naval Reserve Armory beats up everyone perceived to be Hispanic, starting the week-long Zoot Suit Riots.
- 1956 - British Rail renames 'Third Class' passenger facilities as 'Second Class' (Second Class facilities had been abolished in 1875, leaving just First Class and Third Class).
- 1962 - An Air France Boeing 707 charter, Chateau de Sully crashed after aborted takeoff from Paris, killing 130. The largest single plane accident to date.
- 1963 - A Northwest Airlines DC-7 crashes in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of British Columbia, killing 101.
- 1965 - Launch of Gemini 4, the first multi-day space mission by a NASA crew.
- 1965 - For 21 minutes, Edward H. White floats free outside the space vehicle Gemini IV for the first time.
- 1968 - Valerie Solanas, author of The SCUM Manifesto, attempts to assassinate Andy Warhol by shooting him three times.
- 1969 - Melbourne-Evans collision - Off the coast of South Vietnam, the Australian aircraft carrier HMAS Melbourne cuts the U.S. Navy destroyer USS Frank E. Evans in half.
- 1973 - A Soviet supersonic Tupolev Tu-144 crashes near Goussainville, France, killing 14, the first crash of a supersonic passenger aircraft.
- 1979 - A blowout at the Ixtoc I oil well in the southern Gulf of Mexico causes at least 600,000 tons (176,400,000 gallons) of oil to be spilled into the waters, the worst oil spill to date.
- 1982 - The Israeli ambassador to the United Kingdom, Shlomo Argov, is shot on a London street. He survives but is permanently paralysed.
- 1984 - The Indian Army storms the Golden Temple (Harmandir Sahib), the most sacred shrine of Sikhism, near Amritsar.
- 1989 - The government of China sends troops to force protesters out of Tiananmen Square after seven weeks of occupation.
- 1991 - Mount Unzen erupts in Japan in Kyūshū killing 43 people, all of them either researchers or journalists.
- 1998 - Eschede train disaster: an ICE high speed train derails in Lower Saxony, Germany, causing 101 deaths.
- 2006 - The union of Serbia and Montenegro comes to an end with Montenegro's formal declaration of independence.
- 1540 - Charles I of Austria (d. 1590)
- 1635 - Philippe Quinault, French writer (d. 1688)
- 1659 - David Gregory, Scottish astronomer (d. 1708)
- 1723 - Giovanni Antonio Scopoli, Italian-born naturalist (d. 1788)
- 1726 - James Hutton, Scottish geologist (d. 1797)
- 1770 - Manuel Belgrano, Argentine politician (d. 1820)
- 1808 - Jefferson Davis, American politician and President of the Confederate States of America (d. 1889)
- 1818 - Louis Faidherbe, French general (d. 1889)
- 1819 - Anton Anderledy, Swiss Superior General of the Society of Jesus (d. 1892)
- 1832 - Alexandre Charles Lecocq, French composer (d. 1918)
- 1843 - Frederick VIII of Denmark (d. 1912)
- 1844 - Garret Hobart, 24th Vice President of the United States (d. 1899)
- 1844 - Detlev von Liliencron, German poet (d. 1909)
- 1853 - William Matthew Flinders Petrie, English Egyptologist (d. 1942)
- 1864 - Otto Erich Hartleben, German writer (d. 1905)
- 1864 - Ransom E. Olds, American automobile pioneer (d. 1950)
- 1865 - George V of the United Kingdom (d. 1936)
- 1866 - George Howells Broadhurst, English director (d. 1952)
- 1873 - Otto Loewi, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate (d. 1961)
- 1877 - Raoul Dufy, French painter (d. 1953)
- 1878 - Barney Oldfield, American race car driver (d. 1946)
- 1879 - Raymond Pearl, American biologist (d. 1940)
- 1881 - Mikhail Larionov, Russian painter (d. 1964)
- 1888 - Tom Brown, American musician (d. 1958)
- 1899 - Georg von Békésy, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate (d. 1972)
- 1901 - Maurice Evans, English actor (d. 1989)
- 1903 - Eddie Acuff, American actor (d. 1956)
- 1904 - Jan Peerce, American tenor (d. 1984)
- 1905 - Martin Gottfried Weiss, German, commandant of Dachau concentration camp (d. 1946, by execution)
- 1906 - Josephine Baker, American dancer (d. 1975)
- 1907 - Paul Rotha, English director (d. 1984)
- 1911 - Ellen Corby, American actress (d. 1999)
- 1911 - Paulette Goddard, American actress (d. 1990)
- 1913 - Pedro Mir, Dominican Poet Laureate (d. 2000)
- 1917 - Leo Gorcey, American actor (d. 1969)
- 1918 - Patrick Cargill, English actor (d. 1996)
- 1918 - Lili St. Cyr, American ecdysiast (d. 1999)
- 1921 - Forbes Carlile, Australian athlete
- 1922 - Alain Resnais, French director
- 1923 - Igor Shafarevich, Russian mathematician
- 1924 - Colleen Dewhurst, Canadian actress (d. 1991)
- 1924 - Ted Mallie, American radio and television announcer (d. 1999)
- 1924 - Torsten Wiesel, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate
- 1924 - Jimmy Rogers, American blues guitarist (d. 1997)
- 1925 - Tony Curtis, American actor
- 1926 - Allen Ginsberg, American poet (d. 1997)
- 1927 - Boots Randolph, American saxophonist (d. 2007)
- 1929 - Werner Arber, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate
- 1929 - Chuck Barris, American game show host
- 1930 - Marion Zimmer Bradley, American author (d. 1999)
- 1930 - Dakota Staton, American jazz singer (d. 2007)
- 1930 - Ben Wada, Japanese television producers
- 1931 - Françoise Arnoul, French actress
- 1931 - Raúl Castro, Cuban statesman
- 1931 - John Norman, American author
- 1931 - Lindy Remigino, American athlete
- 1933 - Isa ibn Salman Al Khalifah, emir of Bahrain (d. 1999)
- 1934 - Rolland D. McCune, American theologian
- 1936 - Jim Gentile, baseball player
- 1936 - Larry McMurtry, American author
- 1937 - Solomon P. Ortiz, American politician
- 1937 - Edward Winter, American actor (d. 2001)
- 1939 - Steve Dalkowski, baseball player
- 1939 - Ian Hunter (singer), English musician
- 1942 - Curtis Mayfield, American musician (d. 1999)
- 1943 - Billy Cunningham, American basketball player
- 1944 - Edith McGuire, American runner
- 1944 - Eddy Ottoz, Italian athlete
- 1946 - Eddie Holman, American singer
- 1946 - Michael Clarke American musician (d. 1993)
- 1947 - Mickey Finn, British guitarist and percussionist (T. Rex) (d. 2003)
- 1947 - Mike Burgmann, Australian racing driver (d. 1986)
- 1947 - John Dykstra, American special effects supervisor
- 1950 - Melissa Mathison, American screenwriter
- 1950 - Suzi Quatro, American musician and actress
- 1950 - Christos Verelis, Greek politician
- 1950 - Deniece Williams, American singer
- 1952 - Billy Powell, American keyboardist (Lynyrd Skynyrd)
- 1952 - David Richards, CBE, British motor racing entrepreneur
- 1954 - Dan Hill, Canadian singer and songwriter
- 1954 - Wally Weir, Quebec ice hockey player
- 1956 - Brad Nessler, American sports broadcaster
- 1956 - George Burley, Scottish football player and manager
- 1957 - Horst-Ulrich Hänel, German field hockey player
- 1961 - Lawrence Lessig, American lawyer and author
- 1962 - Susannah Constantine, British fashion guru
- 1963 - Rudy Demotte, Belgian politician
- 1963 - Toshiaki Karasawa, Japanese actor
- 1964 - Kerry King, American musician (Slayer)
- 1964 - Doro Pesch, German singer
- 1964 - James Purefoy, British actor
- 1965 - Mike Gordon, American musician
- 1965 - Jeff Blumenkrantz, American composer and actor
- 1966 - Wasim Akram, Pakistani cricketer
- 1967 - Anderson Cooper, American reporter
- 1968 - Jamie O'Neal, American singer
- 1968 - Samantha Sprackling, Nigerian singer
- 1969 - Takako Minekawa, Japanese musician
- 1969 - Hiroyuki Takami, Japanese musician
- 1970 - Esther Hart, Dutch singer
- 1970 - Julie Masse, French Canadian singer
- 1970 - Peter Tägtgren, Swedish musician (Hypocrisy) and producer
- 1970 - Ammon McNeely, American rock climber
- 1971 - Carl Everett, American baseball player
- 1974 - Kelly Jones, Welsh singer (Stereophonics)
- 1975 - Jose Molina, Puerto Rican baseball player
- 1976 - Jamie McMurray, American NASCAR driver
- 1976 - Yuri Ruley, American drummer
- 1976 - Enda Markey, Irish/Australian entertainer
- 1977 - Cris, Brazilian footballer
- 1977 - Az-Zahir Hakim, American football player
- 1977 - Travis Hafner, American baseball player
- 1980 - Lazaros Papadopoulos, Greek basketball player
- 1982 - Yelena Isinbayeva, Russian pole vaulter
- 1986 - Alexandros Karageorgiou, Greek archer
- 1986 - Brenden Richard Jefferson, African-American actor
- 1986 - Rafael Nadal, Spanish tennis player
- 1986 - Tomas Verner, Czech Republic ice skater
- 1986 - Adrián Vallés, Spanish racing driver
- 1986 - Al Horford, American basketball player
- 1987 - Lalaine, American actress and singer
- 1987 - Masami Nagasawa, Japanese actress
- 2002 - Prince Tirso of Bulgaria, titular Bulgarian royal family
- 2006 - Countess Leonore, Member of the Dutch Royal Family
- 1395 - Ivan Shishman of Bulgaria
- 1397 - William Montacute, 2nd Earl of Salisbury, English military leader (b. 1328)
- 1411 - Duke Leopold IV of Austria (b. 1371)
- 1548 - Juan de Zumárraga, Spanish Catholic bishop of Mexico (b. 1468)
- 1594 - John Aylmer, English political theorist (b. 1521)
- 1615 - Sanada Yukimura, Japanese samurai (b. 1567)
- 1640 - Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk, English politician (b. 1584)
- 1657 - William Harvey, English physician (b. 1578)
- 1649 - Manuel de Faria e Sousa, Portuguese historian and poet (b. 1590)
- 1659 - Morgan Llwyd, Welsh Puritan preacher and writer (b. 1619)
- 1780 - Thomas Hutchinson, American colonial governor of Massachusetts (b. 1711)
- 1826 - Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin, Russian writer (b. 1766)
- 1858 - Julius Reubke, German composer (b. 1834)
- 1861 - Stephen A. Douglas, American politician (b. 1813)
- 1865 - Okada Izō, Japanese samurai (b. 1838)
- 1875 - Georges Bizet, French composer (b. 1838)
- 1877 - Ludwig Ritter von Köchel, Austrian musicologist (b. 1800)
- 1882 - Christian Wilberg, German painter (b. 1839)
- 1894 - Karl Eduard Zachariae, German expert on Byzantine Law (b. 1812)
- 1899 - Johann Strauss II, Austrian composer (b. 1825)
- 1924 - Franz Kafka, Czech novelist (b. 1883)
- 1928 - Li Yüan-hung, Chinese general and political figure (b. 1864)
- 1933 - William Muldoon, wrestler (b. 1852)
- 1955 - Barbara Graham, American murderer (b. 1923)
- 1963 - Nazim Hikmet, Turkish poet (b. 1902)
- 1963 - Pope John XXIII (b. 1881)
- 1964 - Frans Eemil Sillanpää, Finnish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1888)
- 1970 - Hjalmar Schacht, Nazi official (b. 1877)
- 1971 - Heinz Hopf, German mathematician (b. 1894)
- 1973 - Dory Funk, professional wrestler (b. 1919)
- 1975 - Ozzie Nelson, American band leader, producer, director, and actor (b. 1906)
- 1975 - Eisaku Sato, Prime Minister of Japan, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1901)
- 1977 - Archibald Vivian Hill, English physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1886)
- 1977 - Roberto Rossellini, Italian film director (b. 1906)
- 1983 - Nanna, Rafi Khawar, Lollywood actor, Lahore
- 1989 - Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, Iranian Shi'ite leader (b. 1900)
- 1989 - John McCauley, NHL official (b. 1945)
- 1990 - Stiv Bators, American musician (The Dead Boys) (b. 1949)
- 1990 - Robert Noyce, American inventor (b. 1927)
- 1991 - Katia Krafft, French volcanologist (eruption) (b. 1942)
- 1991 - Maurice Krafft, French volcanologist (eruption) (b. 1946)
- 1991 - Takeshi Nagata, Japanese geophysicist (b. 1913)
- 1992 - Robert Morley, English actor (b. 1908)
- 1994 - Puig Aubert, French rugby league footballer (b. 1925)
- 1997 - Dennis James, American television personality (b. 1917)
- 1998 - Poul Bundgaard, Danish actor and singer (b. 1922)
- 2001 - Anthony Quinn, Mexican-born actor (b. 1915)
- 2003 - Felix de Weldon, Austrian sculptor (b. 1907)
- 2004 - Quorthon, Swedish musician (Bathory) (b. 1966)
- 2005 - Harold Cardinal, Cree political leader, writer, and lawyer (b. 1945)
- 2006 - Johnny Grande, original accordion/piano/keyboard player for Bill Haley's Comets (b. 1932)
- Roman Empire - Festival to Bellona.
- Confederate Memorial Day observed in Kentucky, Louisiana, and Tennessee.
- Vladimirskaya (in Russia)
- Saint Charles Lwanga and Companions, Martyrs of Uganda.
- Saint Kevin of Glendalough
- Saint Clothilde (d. 545)
- Blessed Pope John XXIII
- Saint Paula (d. 273)
- Saint Ovidius
