Events
- 197 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum, the bloodiest battle between Roman armies.
- 1594 - Having already inherited the
throne
of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth through his mother
Catherine Jagellonica of Poland
, Sigismund III of the House of Vasa is crowned King of Sweden, succeeding his father John III of Sweden. - 1600 - The Peruvian stratovolcano Huaynaputina exploded in the most violent eruption in the recorded history of South America.
- 1674 - England and the Netherlands sign the Peace of Westminster, ending the Third Anglo-Dutch War. A provision of the agreement transfers the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam to England, which renamed it New York.
- 1807 - In Alabama, Former Vice President of the United States Aaron Burr is arrested for treason and confined to
Fort Stoddart
. - 1819 - British explorer William Smith discovers the South Shetland Islands, and claims them in the name of King George III.
- 1846 - In Austin, Texas the newly-formed Texas state government is officially installed. The Republic of Texas government officially transfers power to the
State of Texas
government following Texas' annexation by the United States. - 1852 - The Phi Kappa Psi fraternity is founded at
Jefferson College
in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania. - 1861 -
Serfdom
is
abolished
in Russia. - 1864 - Knights of Pythias founded at Washington, DC by Justus H. Rathbone.
- 1878 - The phonograph is patented by Thomas Edison.
- 1881 - Kansas became the first U.S. state to prohibit all alcoholic beverages.
- 1915 - World War I: The Battle of Gallipoli began. Plans for mutiny in the
British Indian army
, the Ghadar Conspiracy, is uncovered in
India
. - 1937 - During a public ceremony at the Viceregal Palace (the former Imperial residence) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, two Eritrean nationalists attempt to kill viceroy Rodolfo Graziani with a number of grenades.
- 1941 - World War II: The Afrika Korps, the corps-level headquarters controlling the German Panzer divisions in North Africa, was formed.
- 1942 - World War II: nearly 250 Japanese warplanes
attack
the northern Australian city of Darwin killing 243 people. - 1942 - World War II: President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the executive order 9066, allowing the
United States military
to relocate
Japanese-Americans
to Japanese internment camps. - 1943 - World War II: Battle of the Kasserine Pass in Tunisia begins.
- 1945 - World War II: Battle of Iwo Jima - about 30,000
United States Marines
land on Iwo Jima. - 1949 - Ezra Pound is awarded the first Bollingen Prize in poetry by the Bollingen Foundation and Yale University.
- 1953 - Censorship: Georgia approves the first literature censorship board in the United States.
- 1959 - The United Kingdom grants Cyprus its independence, which is then on formally proclaimed on August 16, 1960.
- 1978 - Egyptian forces raid Larnaca International Airport, in an attempt to intervene in a hijacking situation, without authorisation from the
Republic of Cyprus
authorities. The Cypriot National Guard and Police forces kill 15 Egyptian commandos and destroy the Egyptian
C-130
transport plane in open combat. - 1985 - Artificial heart recipient William J. Schroeder becomes the first such patient to leave hospital.
- 1985 - Iberia Airlines Boeing 727 crashes into Mount Oiz in Spain, killing 148.
- 1986 - The Soviet Union launches the Mir space station.
- 2001 - An Oklahoma City bombing museum is dedicated at the Oklahoma City National Memorial.
- 2002 - NASA's
Mars Odyssey
space probe begins to map the surface of
Mars
using its thermal emission imaging system. - 2004 - Nazi-hunter Simon Wiesenthal is awarded an honorary knighthood in recognition of a "lifetime of service to humanity."
- 2007 - Three
Salvadoran
deputies to the Central American Parliament and their driver are murdered in Guatemala.
Births
- 1473 - Nicolaus Copernicus, Polish mathematician and astronomer (d. 1543)
- 1526 -
Charles de L'Ecluse
, Flemish botanist (d. 1609) - 1552 - Melchior Klesl, Austrian cardinal and statesman (d. 1630)
- 1630 - Shivaji, founder of the Maratha Empire (d. 1680)
- 1660 - Friedrich Hoffmann, German physician and chemist (d. 1742)
- 1717 - David Garrick, British actor (d. 1779)
- 1722 - Tiphaigne de la Roche, French writer (d. 1774)
- 1743 - Luigi Boccherini, Italian composer (d. 1805)
- 1780 - Richard McCarty, American politician (d. 1844)
- 1802 - Wilhelm Matthias Naeff, Swiss Federal Councillor (d. 1881)
- 1804 - Carl Freiherr von Rokitansky, German physician (d. 1878)
- 1804 - David Wark, Canadian politician (d. 1905)
- 1821 - August Schleicher, German linguist (d. 1868)
- 1833 - Élie Ducommun, Swiss journalist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1906)
- 1859 - Svante Arrhenius, Swedish chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 1927)
- 1865 - Sven Hedin, Swedish explorer (d. 1952)
- 1876 -
Constantin Brancusi
, Romanian sculptor (d. 1957) - 1877 -
Gabriele Münter
, German painter (d. 1962) - 1880 -
Alvaro Obregon
, Mexican president (d. 1928) - 1888 - José Eustasio Rivera, Colombian writer (d. 1928)
- 1893 - Sir Cedric Hardwicke, British actor (d. 1964)
- 1895 - Louis Calhern, American actor (d. 1956)
- 1896 - André Breton, French poet (d. 1966)
- 1897 - Alma Rubens, American actress (d. 1931)
- 1899 - Yury Olesha, Russian novelist (d. 1960)
- 1902 - Kay Boyle, American writer (d. 1992)
- 1904 - Havank, Dutch writer (d. 1964)
- 1911 - Merle Oberon, British actress (d. 1979)
- 1912 - Saul Chaplin, American composer (d. 1997)
- 1913 - Prince Pedro Gastão of Orléans-Braganza, pretender to the Brazilian throne (d. 2007)
- 1914 - Jacques Dufilho, French comedian (d. 2005)
- 1916 - Eddie Arcaro, American jockey (d. 1997)
- 1917 - Carson McCullers, American author (d. 1967)
- 1920 - C. Z. Guest, American socialite (d. 2003)
- 1920 - Jaan Kross, Estonian writer (d. 2007)
- 1920 - George Rose, British music hall entertainer (d. 1988)
- 1924 - David Bronstein, Ukrainian chess player (d. 2006)
- 1924 - Lee Marvin, American actor (d. 1987)
- 1924 - Bruce Norris, American ice hockey executive (d. 1986)
- 1929 - Jacques Deray, French film director (d. 2003)
- 1930 - John Frankenheimer, American film director (d. 2002)
- 1934 - Carole Eastman, American screenwriter (d. 2004)
- 1936 - Sam Myers, American musician and songwriter (d. 2006)
- 1936 - Marin Sorescu, Romanian writer and novelist (d. 1997)
- 1937 - Robert "Bilbo" Walker Jr., American blues guitarist
- 1939 - Gwen Taylor, English actress
- 1940 - Saparmurat Niyazov,
President of Turkmenistan
(d. 2006) - 1940 - Smokey Robinson, American singer
- 1941 - David Gross, American physicist, Nobel laureate
- 1942 -
Paul Krause
, American football player - 1943 - Lou Christie, American singer
- 1943 - Homer Hickam, American author and retired NASA engineer
- 1943 - Tim Hunt, British biochemist, Nobel laureate
- 1945 - Michael Nader, American actor
- 1946 - Paul Dean, Canadian guitarist (Loverboy)
- 1946 - Peter Hudson, Australian rules footballer
- 1946 - Karen Silkwood, American activist (d. 1974)
- 1947 - Tim Shadbolt, mayor of
Invercargill, New Zealand - 1948 - Mark Andes, American musician
- 1948 - Pim Fortuyn, Dutch politician (d. 2002)
- 1948 - Tony Iommi, British musician (Black Sabbath)
- 1948 - Big John Studd, American professional wrestler (d. 1995)
- 1949 -
Dan Bunten
, American software developer (d. 1998) - 1950 - Andy Powell, British musician
- 1951 - Stephen Nichols, American actor
- 1951 - Tahir-ul-Qadri, Pakistani Islamic scholar
- 1952 - Amy Tan, American novelist
- 1952 - Rodolfo Neri Vela, Mexican astronaut
- 1953 - Massimo Troisi, Italian actor (d. 1994)
- 1953 -
Cristina Elisabet Fernández
- Argentinian politician - 1954 -
Socrates
, Brazilian footballer - 1955 -
Jeff Daniels
, American actor - 1956 - Kathleen Beller, American actress
- 1956 - Roderick MacKinnon, American biologist, Nobel laureate
- 1957 - Falco, Austrian singer (d. 1998)
- 1957 - Ray Winstone, British actor
- 1960 -
Andrew, Duke of York - 1960 - Leslie Ash, English actress
- 1961 - Justin Fashanu, English footballer (d. 1998)
- 1961 - Andy Wallace, English race car driver
- 1962 - Hana MandlÃÂková, Czech tennis player
- 1962 - John Laroche, American orchid poacher
- 1963 - Laurell K. Hamilton, American writer
- 1963 -
Seal
, English singer - 1964 - Dmitri Lipskerov, Russian writer
- 1964 - Sonu Walia, Indian actress
- 1966 - Justine Bateman, American actress
- 1966 - Paul Haarhuis, Dutch tennis player
- 1966 - Enzo Scifo, Belgian footballer
- 1967 - Benicio del Toro, Puerto Rican actor
- 1969 - Burton C. Bell, American vocalist
- 1971 - Miguel Batista, Dominican baseball player
- 1971 - Gil Shaham, Israeli/American violinist
- 1972 - Francine, American professional wrestler
- 1974 - Danny Doring, American professional wrestler
- 1975 - Mikko Kavén, Finnish footballer
- 1975 - Katja Schuurman, Dutch actress and singer
- 1975 - Daewon Song, Korean professional skateboarder
- 1977 - Ola Salo, Swedish singer (The Ark)
- 1977 - Gianluca Zambrotta, Italian footballer
- 1978 - Michalis Konstantinou, Greek-Cypriot footballer
- 1978 - Immortal Technique, American rapper
- 1979 - Mariska, Finnish rapper
- 1979 - Clinton Morrison, Irish footballer
- 1979 - Mariana Ochoa, Mexican singer and actress
- 1979 - Steve Cherundolo, American soccer player
- 1980 - Neleh Dennis, American
Survivor
contestant - 1980 - Mike Miller, American basketball player
- 1980 - Ma Lin, Chinese table tennis player
- 1981 - Ronnie Arniell, Canadian professional wrestler
- 1981 - Beth Ditto, American singer (
The Gossip
) - 1981 - Gil Reyes, American boxer
- 1981 - Nicky Shorey, English footballer
- 1981 - Vitas, Russian singer
- 1983 - Assunta De Rossi, Filipino actress
- 1983 - Mika Nakashima, Japanese singer/actress
- 1984 - Chris Richardson, American Idol finalist
- 1985 - Haylie Duff, American singer/actress
- 1986 - Kyle Chipchura, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1986 - Reon Kadena, Japanese model/actress
- 1986 - Henri Karjalainen, Finnish racing driver
- 1986 - Maria Mena, Norwegian singer
- 1986 - Marta, Brazilian footballer
- 1993 - Victoria Justice, American actress and model
Deaths
- 197 - Clodius Albinus, Roman governor of Britain
- 1133 -
Irene Ducaena
, wife of
Alexius I Comnenus
(b. 1066) - 1553 - Erasmus Reinhold, German astronomer and mathematician (b. 1511)
- 1589 - Saint Philothei, Orthodox martyr and Patron of
Athens
(b. 1522) - 1605 - Orazio Vecchi, Italian composer (b. 1550)
- 1602 - Philippe Emmanuel, Duke of Mercoeur, French soldier (b. 1558)
- 1620 - Roemer Visscher, Dutch writer (b. 1547)
- 1622 -
Sir Henry Savile
, English educator (b. 1549) - 1653 -
Luigi de Rossi
, Italian composer (b. 1597) - 1663 - Adam Adami, German bishop and diplomat (b. 1603)
- 1670 - King Frederick III of Denmark (b. 1609)
- 1672 - Charles Chauncy, English-born president of Harvard College (b. 1592)
- 1709 - Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, Japanese shogun (b. 1646)
- 1716 -
Dorthe Engelbrechtsdatter
, Norwegian poet (b. 1634) - 1789 - Nicholas Van Dyke, American lawyer and President of Delaware (b. 1738)
- 1799 - Jean-Charles de Borda, French mathematician, physicist, political scientist, and sailor (b. 1733)
- 1806 - Elizabeth Carter, English writer (b. 1717)
- 1837 - Georg Büchner, German playwright (b. 1813)
- 1873 - Vasil Levski, Bulgarian revolutionary (b. 1837)
- 1887 - Multatuli, Dutch writer (b. 1820)
- 1897 -
Karl Weierstraß
, German mathematician (b. 1815) - 1916 - Ernst Mach, Austrian-Czech physicist and philosopher (b. 1838)
- 1927 - Robert Fuchs, Austrian composer (b. 1847)
- 1936 - Billy Mitchell, American general and military aviation pioneer (b. 1879)
- 1936 - Max Schreck, German actor (b. 1879)
- 1936 - Charles Harding Firth, British historian (b. 1857)
- 1942 - Frank Abbandando, American gangster (executed) (b. 1910)
- 1951 - André Gide, French writer, Nobel laureate (b. 1869)
- 1952 - Knut Hamsun, Norwegian author, Nobel laureate (b. 1859)
- 1957 - Maurice Garin, French cyclist (b. 1871)
- 1962 - Georgios Papanikolaou, Greek doctor, inventor of the
Pap smear
(b. 1883) - 1968 - Georg Hackenschmidt, Estonian professional wrestler (b. 1878)
- 1969 - Madge Blake, American actress (b. 1899)
- 1972 - John Grierson, Scottish documentary filmmaker (b. 1898)
- 1972 - Tedd Pierce, American animator (b. 1906)
- 1973 - Joseph Szigeti, Hungarian violinist (b. 1892)
- 1973 - Kostas Negrepontis, Greek footballer (b. 1897)
- 1975 - Luigi Dallapiccola, Italian composer (b. 1904)
- 1977 - Mike González, Cuban baseball player (b. 1890)
- 1977 - Anthony Crosland, British politician (b. 1918)
- 1980 - Bon Scott, Australian musician and singer for the band AC/DC (b. 1946)
- 1983 - Alice White, American film actress (b. 1904)
- 1986 - Adolfo Celi, Italian actor (b. 1922)
- 1988 - André Frédéric Cournand, French-born physician, Nobel laureate (b. 1895)
- 1994 - Derek Jarman, British film director (b. 1942)
- 1996 - Antonio Creus, Spanish racecar driver (b. 1924)
- 1996 -
Charles O. Finley
, American sports entrepreneur (b. 1918) - 1997 - Deng Xiaoping, Chinese Communist leader and revolutionary (b. 1904)
- 1997 - Leo Rosten, American Yiddish writer and humorist (b. 1908)
- 1998 - John Acheson, British actor
- 1998 - Grandpa Jones, American entertainer (b. 1913)
- 1999 - Mohammad Sadeq al-Sadr, Iraqi Shiite leader (assassinated)
- 2000 - Friedensreich Hundertwasser, Austrian artist (b. 1928)
- 2001 -
Priscilla Davis
, American socialite (b. 1942) - 2001 - Stanley Kramer, American director (b. 1913)
- 2001 - Charles Trenet, French singer (b. 1913)
- 2003 -
Johnny PayCheck
, American singer (b. 1938) - 2007 - Janet Blair, American actress (b. 1921)
- 2007 - Celia Franca, founder of National Ballet of Canada (b. 1921)
Holidays and Observances
-
Chaoflux
(Discordianism) - Astrology: First day of sun sign Pisces
- Astrology: Can also be last day of sun sign Aquarius depending on the time of birth and the astrologer's viewpoint.
- February 19 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
