Events
- 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus, an unprecedented political arrangement in the Roman Empire.
- 321 -
Roman Emperor Constantine I
decrees that the dies Solis Invicti (sun-day) is the day of rest in the Empire. - 1277 - Condemnation of 219 philosophical and theological theses by
Stephen Tempier, Bishop of Paris
. - 1798 - The French army enters Rome: the birth of the Roman Republic.
- 1799 - Napoleon I of France captures
Jaffa
in Palestine and his troops proceed to kill more than 2,000 Albanian captives. - 1799 - The Royal Institution is founded.
- 1814 - Napoleon I of France wins the Battle of Craonne.
- 1815 - Napoleon I of France meets troops of the Fifth Regiment sent by
Louis XVIII
at Grenoble, and convinces them to join him on his march to Paris. - 1827 - Brazil marines sail up the
Rio Negro (Argentina)
and attack the temporary naval base of Carmen de Patagones, Argentina. They are defeated by the local citizens. - 1827 -
Shrigley Abduction
:
Ellen Turner
, a wealthy heiress in Cheshire, England is abducted by Edward Gibbon Wakefield, a future politician in colonial New Zealand. - 1848 - The
Great mahele
(land division) is signed in Hawaii. - 1850 - United States Senator Daniel Webster gives his "Seventh of March" speech in which he endorses the Compromise of 1850 in order to prevent a possible civil war.
- 1862 - American Civil War: Battle of Pea Ridge - Union forces led by
General
Samuel Curtis defeat Confederate troops under
General
Earl Van Dorn at Pea Ridge in northwestern Arkansas. - 1876 - Alexander Graham Bell is granted a patent for an invention he calls the telephone (patent # 174,465).
- 1911 - Revolution in Mexico.
- 1912 - Roald Amundsen first announces to the world that his expedition has reached the South Pole, though they had arrived on December 14, 1911.
- 1914 -
Prince William of Wied
arrives in Albania to begin his reign. - 1918 - World War I: Finland forms an alliance with Germany.
- 1936 - World War II: In violation of the
Locarno Pact
and the Treaty of Versailles, Germany reoccupies the Rhineland. - 1945 - World War II: American troops seize the Ludendorff Bridge over the
Rhine River
at Remagen, establish a bridgehead on Germany soil and in desperate fighting begin to establish a lodgement, which events shakes up the whole Western Front and greatly hastens the end of WW-II. - 1947 - The Kuomintang and Communist Party of China resume full-fledged Civil War.
- 1948 - The Dodecanese islands officially become part of Greece again, ending the Italian rule.
- 1950 - Cold War: The Soviet Union issues a statement denying that Klaus Fuchs served as a
Soviet
spy. - 1951 - Korean War: Operation Ripper - In Korea, United Nations troops led by
General
Matthew Ridgeway
begin an assault against Chinese forces. - 1965 - In Selma, Alabama, State troopers and local law enforcement forcefully break up a group of 600 civil rights marchers. The event was televised and was dubbed
Bloody Sunday
. - 1969 - Golda Meir nominated by the Labor party as the first female Prime Minister of Israel.
- 1984 - The United States attacks San Juan del Sur in Nicaragua.
- 1988 - Colombia becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.
- 1989 - Iran and the United Kingdom break diplomatic relations after a row over Salman Rushdie and his controversial novel.
- 1989 - The State Council of the People's Republic of China declares martial law in Lhasa, Tibet.
- 1994 - The Supreme Court of the United States rules in Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc.that parodies of an original work are generally covered by the doctrine of fair use.
- 1996 - The first democratically elected
Palestinian
parliament is formed. - 2004 - New Democracy wins the national elections in Greece.
- 2005 - Mass protest outside the National Assembly of Kuwait building for women's voting rights in Kuwait.
- 2006 - Apple Inc. is granted the patent to the iPod.
- 2007 -
British House of Commons
votes to make the upper chamber, the House of Lords, 100% elected.
Births
- 189 - Publius Septimius Geta, Roman Emperor (d. 211)
- 1481 - Baldassare Peruzzi, Italian architect and painter (d. 1537)
- 1556 - Guillaume du Vair, French writer (d. 1621)
- 1671 - Robert Roy MacGregor, Scottish folk hero (d. 1734)
- 1678 -
Filippo Juvara
, Italian architect (d. 1736) - 1687 - Jean Lebeuf, French historian (d. 1760)
- 1693 - Pope Clement XIII (d. 1769)
- 1715 - Ewald Christian von Kleist, German poet (d. 1759)
- 1715 - Ephraim Williams, American philanthropist (d. 1755)
- 1730 - Baron de Breteuil, French statesman (d. 1807)
- 1765 - Nicéphore Niépce, French inventor of photography (d. 1833)
- 1785 - Alessandro Manzoni, Italian writer (d. 1873)
- 1788 - Antoine César Becquerel, French physicist (d. 1878)
- 1792 - John Herschel, English mathematician and astronomer (d. 1871)
- 1837 - Henry Draper, American physician and astronomer (d. 1882)
- 1841 - William Rockhill Nelson, founder of
Kansas City Star
and patron of Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (d. 1915) - 1850 - Champ Clark, American politician (d. 1921)
- 1850 - Tomáš Masaryk, first
President of Czechoslovakia
(d. 1937) - 1857 - Julius Wagner-Jauregg, Austrian neuroscientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1940)
- 1872 - Piet Mondrian, Dutch painter (d. 1944)
- 1873 - Madame Sul-Te-Wan, American actress (d. 1959)
- 1875 - Maurice Ravel, French composer (d. 1937)
- 1878 - Boris Kustodiev, Russian painter (d. 1927)
- 1887 - Heino Eller, Estonian composer (d. 1970)
- 1888 -
Alidius Warmoldus Lambertus Tjarda van Starkenborgh Stachouwer
, Dutch lawyer and politician (d. 1978) - 1893 - Milton Avery, American artist (d. 1965)
- 1902 - Heinz Rühmann, German actor (d. 1994)
- 1904 - Ivar Ballangrud, Norwegian speed skater (d. 1969)
- 1904 - Reinhard Heydrich, German
SS
senior officer and
Nazi
official (d. 1942, by assassination) - 1908 - Anna Magnani, Italian actress (d. 1973)
- 1915 - Jacques Chaban-Delmas, French politician (d. 2000)
- 1917 - Lee Young, American jazz drummer and singer
- 1922 - Olga Aleksandrovna Ladyzhenskaya, Russian mathematician (d. 2004)
- 1925 - Rene Gagnon, US Marine shown in photograph of the raising of the US flag on Iwo Jima (d. 1979)
- 1927 - James Broderick, American actor (d. 1982)
- 1927 - Jean-Paul Desbiens, Quebec writer and teacher (d. 2006)
- 1927 - Henri Landwirth, Belgian-American hotel owner and philantropist
- 1930 -
Antony Armstrong-Jones
, Lord Snowdon, former husband of
Princess Margaret - 1933 - Jackie Blanchflower, Northern Irish footballer (d. 1998)
- 1934 - Willard Scott, American television broadcaster
- 1934 - Giorgos Katsaros, Greek musician and composer
- 1938 - David Baltimore, American biologist, Nobel laureate
- 1938 - Janet Guthrie, American race car driver
- 1940 - Rudi Dutschke, German student leader (d. 1979)
- 1940 - Daniel J. Travanti, American actor
- 1942 -
Tammy Faye Bakker
, American televangelist (d. 2007) - 1942 - Michael Eisner, American film studio executive
- 1942 - Charles R. Boutin, American politician
- 1943 - Chris White, British musician (The Zombies)
- 1944 - Stanley Schmidt, American editor
- 1944 - Townes Van Zandt, American musician and songwriter (1997)
- 1945 - John Heard, American actor
- 1945 - Arthur Lee, American musician (Love) (d. 2006)
- 1946 - Matthew Fisher, British musician (Procol Harum)
- 1946 - Peter Wolf, American musician (
J Geils Band
) - 1947 - Richard Lawson, American actor
- 1947 - Walter Röhrl, German race and rally car driver
- 1947 - Helen Eadie, Scottish politician
- 1949 - Ghulam Nabi Azad, Indian politician
- 1950 - Iris Chacon, Puerto Rican singer and dancer
- 1950 - Franco Harris, American football player
- 1951 - Francis Rocco Prestia, American musician (Tower of Power)
- 1952 - Ernie Isley, American musician(The Isley Brothers)
- 1952 - Viv Richards, Antiguan West Indies cricketer
- 1952 - Lynn Swann, American football player
- 1955 - Tommy Kramer, American football player
- 1955 - Anupam Kher, Bollywood Actor
- 1956 - Bryan Cranston, American actor
- 1957 - Robert Harris, English TV reporter and journalist
- 1958 - Alan Hale, American astronomer
- 1958 - Rik Mayall, British actor
- 1960 - Joe Carter, American baseball player
- 1960 - Ivan Lendl, Czech tennis player
- 1962 - Taylor Dayne, American singer
- 1963 - Bill Brochtrup, American actor
- 1963 - Denyce Graves, American singer
- 1964 - Bret Easton Ellis, American writer
- 1964 - Wanda Sykes, American actress and comedian
- 1965 - Jack Armstrong, American baseball player
- 1965 - Steve Beuerlein, American football player
- 1965 - Jesper Parnevik, Swedish golfer
- 1967 - Ai Yazawa, Japanese mangaka
- 1968 - Denis Boucher, Canadian baseball player
- 1968 - Jeff Kent, American baseball player
- 1969 - Warrel Dane, American singer (Nevermore)
- 1969 - Hideki Noda, Japanese racing driver
- 1969 - Shin Ae Ra, Korean actress and radio DJ
- 1971 - Rachel Weisz, British actress
- 1971 - Peter Sarsgaard, American actor
- 1972 - Jang Dong-gun, South Korean actor and musician
- 1972 - Maxim Roy, Quebec actress
- 1973 - Ray Parlour, English footballer
- 1973 - Sébastien Izambard, operatic pop singer (Il Divo)
- 1973 - Jason Bright, Australian racing driver
- 1974 - Jenna Fischer, American actress
- 1974 - Facundo Sava, Argentine footballer
- 1976 - Chelsea Charms, American adult actress
- 1977 - Ronan O'Gara, Irish rugby union footballer
- 1977 - Mitja Zastrow, German-born swimmer
- 1980 - Laura Prepon, American actress
- 1980 - Anthony Ocana, Dominican composer & guitarist
- 1982 - Kate Michael, American beauty queen
- 1982 - Erika Yamakawa, Japanese talent
- 1983 - Manucho, Angolan footballer
- 1984 - Mathieu Flamini, French footballer
- 1984 - Dani Woodward, American Pornographic Star
- 1985 - Thomas Erak, American guitarist
- 1986 - Ben Griffin, Australian soccer player
- 1989 - Gerald Anderson, Filipino actor and model
- 1990 - Abigail and Brittany Hensel, American conjoined twins
- 1992 - Caiggy Roth, Italian pro-amateur surfer
Deaths
- 322 BC - Aristotle, Greek philosopher (b. 384 BC)
- 161 - Antoninus Pius, Roman Emperor (b. 86)
- 203 - Perpetua and Felicitas, Christian martyrs (perhaps after 209)
- 308 - Saint Eubulus, Christian martyr
- 851 - Nominoe, Duke of Brittany
- 1226 - William de Longespee, 3rd Earl of Salisbury, English military leader
- 1274 - Thomas Aquinas, Philosopher (b. 1225)
- 1578 - Margaret Douglas, Countess of Lennox (b. 1515)
- 1625 - Johann Bayer, German astronomer (b. 1572)
- 1724 - Pope Innocent XIII (b. 1655)
- 1767 - Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville, French colonizer (b. 1680)
- 1778 - Charles De Geer, Swedish industrialist (b. 1720)
- 1810 - Cuthbert Collingwood, 1st Baron Collingwood, British admiral (b. 1750)
- 1904 - Ferdinand André Fouqué, French geologist (b. 1828)
- 1913 - Emily Pauline Johnson, Native Canadian poet
- 1928 - Robert Abbe, American surgeon (b. 1851)
- 1932 - Aristide Briand, Nobel Peace Prize laureate (b. 1862)
- 1938 - Andreas Michalakopoulos, Greek politician, Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1876)
- 1949 - Francis Dodd, English artist (b. 1874)
- 1952 - Paramahansa Yogananda, Indian guru (b. 1893)
- 1954 - Otto Diels, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1876)
- 1957 - Wyndham Lewis, British author (b. 1882)
- 1967 - Alice B. Toklas, American companion to Gertrude Stein (b. 1877)
- 1974 - Alberto Rabagliati, Italian singer and actor (b. 1906)
- 1975 - Mikhail Bakhtin, Russian philosopher (b. 1895)
- 1975 - Ben Blue, Canadian actor (b. 1901)
- 1976 - Wright Patman, American politician (b. 1893)
- 1978 - Steve Bilko, American baseball player (b. 1928)
- 1981 - Kiril Kondrashin, Russian conductor (b. 1914)
- 1983 - Igor Markevitch, Ukrainian conductor and composer (b. 1912)
- 1984 - Paul Rotha, English director (b. 1907)
- 1986 - Jacob Javits, American politician (b. 1904)
- 1988 - Divine, American actor (b. 1945)
- 1988 - Robert Livingston, American film actor (b. 1904)
- 1991 - Cool Papa Bell, American baseball player (b. 1903)
- 1995 - Paul-Émile Victor, French explorer (b. 1907)
- 1997 - E. H. Bronner, German-American soap magnate (b. 1908)
- 1997 - Edward Mills Purcell, Nobel laureate (b. 1912)
- 1999 - Sidney Gottlieb, American CIA official (b. 1918)
- 1999 - Stanley Kubrick, American film director (b. 1928)
- 2000 - Charles Gray, British actor (b. 1928)
- 2000 - Pee Wee King, American country music songwriter and musician (b. 1914)
- 2001 - Frankie Carle, American pianist and bandleader (b. 1903)
- 2004 - Paul Winfield, American actor (b. 1941)
- 2005 - John Box, British film production designer and art director (b. 1920)
- 2005 - Debra Hill, American screenwriter and film producer (b. 1950)
- 2006 - Ali Farka Touré Malian musician (b. 1939)
- 2006 - Gordon Parks, photographer (b. 1912)
- 2006 - John Junkin, British performer (b. 1930)
Holidays and Observances
- Albania — Teacher's Day
- Bali, Indonesia - Day of Silence (Nyepi)
Liturgical Feasts
- Catholicism — Feast day of Saints Perpetua and Felicitas, patron saint of married women
