January 30: Martyr Day Also Called Sarvodaya In India

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January 30 is the 30th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 335 days remaining until the end of the year (336 in leap years).

Events

1648 - Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster signed, ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain.
1649 - King Charles I of England is beheaded.
1661 - Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England is formally executed - after having been dead for two years.
1790 - The first boat specialized as a lifeboat is tested on the River Tyne.
1806 - The original Lower Trenton Bridge (also called the Trenton Makes the World Takes Bridge), which spans the Delaware River between Morrisville, Pennsylvania and Trenton, New Jersey, is opened.
1820 - Edward Bransfield lands on the Antarctic mainland.
1826 - The Menai Suspension Bridge connecting the Isle of Anglesey to the north West coast of Waleswas opened. The bridge was not the first suspension bridge, but was somuch larger than anything previously built that it is considered theworld's first modern suspension bridge.
1835 - In the first assassination attempt against an USA President, a mentally ill man named Richard Lawrence attempts to assassinate President Andrew Jackson in the United States Capitol. Both of Lawrence's pistols misfire, and Jackson proceeds to beat his would-be assassin with his cane.
1841 - A fire destroys two-thirds of the then villa (now city) of Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
1847 - Yerba Buena, California is renamed San Francisco.
1862 - The first American ironclad warship, the USS Monitor is launched.
1889 - Archduke Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria, heir to the Austro-Hungarian crown, was found dead with his mistress Baroness Mary Vetsera in Mayerling .
1900 - United Kingdom forces fighting Boers in South Africa ask for reinforcements.
1911 - The destroyer USS Terry makes the first airplane rescue at sea saving the life of James McCurdy 10 miles from Havana, Cuba.
1911 - The Canadian Naval Service becomes the Royal Canadian Navy.
1913 - House of Lords rejects Irish Home Rule Bill.
1925 - Government of Turkey throws Patriarch Constantine VI out of Istanbul.
1930 - the world's first radiosonde is launched in Pavlovsk, USSR
1933 - Adolf Hitler is sworn in as Chancellor of Germany.
1943 - World War II: Second day of the Battle of Rennell Island. U.S. cruiser Chicago is sunk and a U.S. destroyer is heavily damaged by Japanese torpedo bombers.
1943 - Holocaust in Letychiv, Ukraine: German Gestapo commence mass shootings of Jews from Letychiv Ghetto. 200 surviving Jews from Letychiv slave labor camp were ordered to undress and were shot with machine-gun into a ravine. Some 7,000 Jews were murdered in Letychiv.
1944 - World War II: United States troops land on Majuro.
1945 - The Wilhelm Gustloff, overfilled with refugees, sinks in the Baltic Seaafter being torpedoed by a Soviet submarine, leading to the deadliestmaritime disaster in known history, killing roughly 9,000 people.
1945 - World War II: 126 American Rangers and Filipino resistance liberate 500 prisoners from the Cabanatuan POW camp.
1945 -World War II: Hitler gives his last ever public address; a radioaddress on the 12th anniversary of his coming to power. (A subsequentaddress on 24 February was not read by Hitler.)
1948 - Indian pacifist and leader Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi is assassinated by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu extremist.
1956 - American civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr.'s home is bombed in retaliation for the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
1962 - Two of the high-wire Flying Wallendas are killed when their famous seven-person pyramid collapses during a performance in Detroit, Michigan.
1964 - Ranger program: Ranger 6 launched.
1968 - Vietnam War: The Tet Offensive begins when Viet Cong forces launch a series of surprise attacks in South Vietnam.Although an overall defeat for the Viet Cong, media coverage of theoffensive would turn American public opinion against the war.
1969 - The Beatles' last public performance, on the roof of Apple Records in London. The impromptu concert is broken up by the police.
1972 - Bloody Sunday: United Kingdom British Paratroopers kill fourteen civil rights /anti internment marchers in Northern Ireland.
1972 - Pakistan withdraws from the Commonwealth of Nations.
1975 - First faroese stamp issued.
1976 - George H. W. Bush becomes 11th director of the CIA.
1979 - Varig 707-323C freighter, flown by the same commander of Flight 820, disappears over the ocean 30 minutes after taking off from Tokyo.
1982 -Richard Skrenta writes the first PC virus code, which is 400 lines longand disguised as an Apple boot program called "Elk Cloner."
1989 - The American embassy in Kabul, Afghanistan closes.
1994 - Péter Lékó becomes the youngest grand master in chess.
1995 - Workers from the National Institutes of Health announce the success of clinical trials testing the first preventive treatment for sickle-cell disease.
1996 - Suspected leader of the Irish National Liberation Army Gino Gallagher is killed while in line for his unemployment benefit.
1996 - Comet Hyakutake is discovered by Japanese amateur astronomer Yuji Hyakutake.
2000 - Off the coast of Ivory Coast, Kenya Airways Flight 431 crashes into the Atlantic Ocean, killing 169.
2003 - Belgium legally recognizes same-sex marriage.

Births

133 - Marcus Severus Didius Julianus, Roman Emperor (d. 193)
1505 - Thomas Tallis, English composer (d. 1585)
1563 - Franciscus Gomarus, Dutch theologian (d. 1641)
1615 - Thomas Rolfe, American colonial settler (d. 1675)
1661 - Charles Rollin, French historian (d. 1741)
1687 - Johann Balthasar Neumann, German architect (d. 1753)
1697 - Johann Joachim Quantz, German flautist and composer (d. 1773)
1720 - Charles De Geer, Swedish industrialist and entomologist (d. 1778)
1754 - John Lansing, Jr., American statesman (d. 1829)
1781 - Adelbert von Chamisso, German writer (d. 1838)
1822 - Franz Ritter von Hauer, Austrian geologist (d. 1899)
1832 - Infanta Luisa Fernanda, Duchess of Montpensier (d. 1897)
1841 - Félix Faure, 6th President of the French Third Republic (d. 1899)
1859 - Tony Mullane, Irish-born American baseball player (d. 1944)
1861 - Charles Martin Loeffler, German-born composer (d. 1935)
1873 - Georges Ricard-Cordingley, painter (d. 1939)
1878 - Anton Hansen Tammsaare, Estonian author (d. 1940)
1882 - Franklin D. Roosevelt, 32nd President of the United States (d. 1945)
1889 - Jaishankar Prasad, Hindi poet, dramatist and novelist (d. 1937)
1894 - Tsar Boris III of Bulgaria (d. 1943)
1899 - Max Theiler, South African virologist, Nobel Prize Laureate (d. 1972)
1901 - Rudolf Caracciola, German race car driver (d. 1959)
1902 - Nikolaus Pevsner, German-born art historian (d. 1983)
1910 - C Subramaniam, Indian politician (d. 2000)
1911 - Roy Eldridge, American musician (d. 1989)
1912 - Francis Schaeffer, American Evangelical theologian and pastor (d. 1984)
1912 - Barbara W. Tuchman, American historian (d. 1989)
1913 - Percy Thrower, British Television Gardener (d. 1988)
1914 - John Ireland, Canadian actor (d. 1992)
1914 - David Wayne, American actor (d. 1995)
1915 - Joachim Peiper, German military leader (d. 1976)
1915 - John Profumo, British cabinet minister (d. 2006)
1917 - Paul Frère, Belgian racing driver
1918 - David Opatoshu, American television actor (d. 1996)
1919 - Nikolay Glazkov, Russian poet (d. 1979)
1920 - Carwood Lipton, American WWII veteran (d. 2001)
1920 - Delbert Mann, American film director
1922 - Dick Martin, American comedian
1924 - Lloyd Alexander, American writer (d. 2007)
1925 - Douglas Engelbart, American computer scientist
1925 - Dorothy Malone, American actress
1927 - Olof Palme, Prime Minister of Sweden (d. 1986)
1928 - Hal Prince, American stage producer and director
1929 - Lucille Teasdale-Corti, Canadian surgeon and international aid worker (d. 1996)
1930 - Sandy Amorós, Cuban baseball player (d. 1992)
1930 - Samuel J. Byck, American attempted assassin of Richard Nixon (d. 1974)
1930 - Gene Hackman, American actor
1930 - Magnus Malan, South African politician
1931 - John Crosbie, Canadian politician
1931 - Allan W. Eckert, American historian, naturalist, and author
1931 - Shirley Hazzard, Australian-born author
1932 - Knock Yokoyama, Japanese comedian and politician
1933 - Louis Rukeyser, American journalist (d. 2006)
1935 - Richard Brautigan, American writer and poet (d. 1984)
1936 - F. Vernon Boozer, American politician
1936 - Patrick Caulfield, British painter and printmaker (d. 2005)
1936 - Horst Jankowski, German popular pianist (d. 1998)
1937 - Ed Hansen, American film director and editor (d. 2005)
1937 - Vanessa Redgrave, English actress
1937 - Boris Spassky, Russian chess player
1938 - Islom Karimov, President of Uzbekistan
1941 - Gregory Benford, American author and scientist
1941 - Dick Cheney, 46th Vice President of the United States
1941 - Tineke Lagerberg, Dutch swimmer
1942 - Marty Balin, American musician
1943 - Davey Johnson, American baseball player and manager
1945 - Michael Dorris, American author (d. 1997)
1947 - Les Barker, English poet
1947 - Steve Marriott, English musician (The Small Faces) (d. 1991)
1948 - Nick Broomfield, English film- and documentary-maker
1948 - Paul Magee, Provisional Irish Republican Army member
1949 - Peter Agre, American biologist, Nobel laureate
1951 - Phil Collins, English musician
1951 - Charles S. Dutton, American actor
1951 - Bobby Stokes, English former footballer (d. 1995)
1952 - Doug Falconer, Canadian football player
1955 - Curtis Strange, American golfer
1955 - Judith Tarr, American author
1956 - Jeremy Gittins, English actor
1956 - Keiichi Tsuchiya, Japanese racing driver
1957 - Payne Stewart, American golfer (d. 1999)
1958 - Brett Butler, American actress and comedian
1959 - Mark Eitzel, American singer and musician (American Music Club)
1959 - Jody Watley, American singer
1961 - Dexter Scott King, American actor and son of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Coretta Scott King
1962 - King Abdullah II of Jordan
1962 - Mary Kay Letourneau, American convicted statutory rapist
1965 - Julie McCullough, American model and actress
1966 - Danielle Goyette, Quebec female ice hockey player
1968 - Trevor Dunn, American musician (Mr. Bungle, Fantômas, Secret Chiefs 3)
1968 - Prince Felipe of Spain
1969 - Carolyn Kepcher, American businesswoman and reality TV show star
1971 - Kimo von Oelhoffen, American football player
1972 - Lupillo Rivera, Mexican singer
1972 - Chris Simon, Canadian ice hockey player
1973 - Jalen Rose, American basketball player
1974 - Christian Bale, Welsh actor
1974 - Olivia Colman, English actress
1974 - Jemima Khan, British socialite
1975 - Juninho Pernambucano, Brazilian footballer
1975 - Yumi Yoshimura, Japanese singer (Puffy Amiyumi)
1976 - Andy Milonakis, American comedian
1977 - Deltha O'Neal, American football player
1978 - John Patterson, American baseball player
1980 - Leilani Dowding, British glamour model
1980 - Wilmer Valderrama, American actor
1980 - Pavel Ponomaryov, Russian-Estonian actor
1981 - Dimitar Berbatov, Bulgarian footballer
1981 - Peter Crouch, English footballer
1981 - Josh Kelley, American musician
1981 - Mathias Lauda, Austrian racing driver
1982 - Jorge Cantu, Mexican baseball player
1984 - Jeremy Hermida, American baseball player
1984 - Josh Harris, American Videographer/Musician
1985 - Aaadietya Pandey, Indian astrologer
1986 - Sam Duckworth, British singer-songwriter
1987 - Rebecca Knox, Irish professional wrestler
1988 - Rob Pinkston, American actor
1989 -
Mark Hoyos
, American citizen
1990 - Jake Thomas, American actor
1990 -
Saskia Boggs
, American writer
1992 - Matthew Werkmeister, Australian actor
2005 - Prince Hashem bin Al Abdullah II, of Jordan

Deaths

1030 - William V, Duke of Aquitaine (b. 969)
1181 - Emperor Takakura of Japan (b. 1161)
1384 - Louis II of Flanders (b. 1330)
1574 - Damião de Góis, Portuguese philosopher (b. 1502)
1606 - Everard Digby, English conspirator (b. 1578)
1649 - King Charles I of England (executed) (b. 1600)
1730 - Tsar Peter II of Russia (b. 1715)
1836 - Betsy Ross, American seamstress (b. 1752)
1858 - Coenraad Jacob Temminck, Dutch zoologist (b. 1778)
1867 - Emperor Kōmei of Japan (b. 1831)
1869 - William Carleton, Irish novelist (b. 1794)
1889 - Crown Prince Rudolph of Austria (b. 1858)
1926 - Barbara La Marr, American actress (b. 1896)
1928 - Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger, Danish scientist, Nobel laureate (b. 1867)
1929 - La Goulue, French Cancan dancer (b. 1866)
1934 - Frank Nelson Doubleday, American publisher (b. 1862)
1948 - Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Mahatma Gandhi, Indian freedom fighter (b. 1869)
1948 - Orville Wright, American aviation pioneer (b. 1871)
1951 - Ferdinand Porsche, Austrian automotive engineer (b. 1875)
1958 - Jean Crotti, Swiss artist (b. 1878)
1958 - Ernst Heinkel, German aviation engineer (b. 1888)
1962 - Manuel de Abreu, Brazilian physician (b. 1894)
1963 - Francis Poulenc, French composer (b. 1899)
1969 - Georges Pire, Belgian monk, Nobel laureate (b. 1910)
1980 - Professor Longhair, American musician (b. 1918)
1982 - Lightnin' Hopkins, American musician (b. 1912)
1991 - John Bardeen, American physicist, Nobel laureate (b. 1908)
1991 - John McIntire, American actor (b. 1907)
1994 - Pierre Boulle, French author (b. 1912)
1995 - Gerald Durrell, British naturalist, zookeeper, author, and television presenter (b. 1925)
1998 - Richard Cassilly, American tenor (b. 1927)
1999 - Huntz Hall, American actor (b. 1919)
1999 - Ed Herlihy, American broadcaster (b. 1909)
2001 - Jean-Pierre Aumont, French actor (b. 1911)
2001 - Johnnie Johnson, British fighter pilot (b. 1915)
2001 - Joseph Ransohoff, the father of modern neurosurgery (b. 1915)
2005 - Martyn Bennet, Canadian musician (b. 1971)
2005 - Wes Wehmiller, American musician (b. 1971)
2006 - Coretta Scott King, American activist and wife of Martin Luther King, Jr. (b. 1927)
2007 - Nikos Kourkoulos, Greek actor, artistic director of the Greek National Theater (b. 1934)
2007 - Sidney Sheldon, American author, playwright, and screenwriter (b. 1917)

Holidays and Observances

Martyr Day, India - India. Also called Sarvodaya Day.

Liturgical Observances

St. Mutien-Marie Wiaux (+1917)
St. Hippolytus
St. Hyacintha Mariscotti
St. Aldegonde
Saint Balthild^[1]
St. Martina
St. Savina, martyred under Emperor Diocletian
Saint Anthony the Great's feast in the Coptic Church
King Charles the Martyr (Anglicanism)
Eastern (Byzantine) Catholic Church: Feast of the Three Holy Hierarchs
- This Feast honors the three great Fathers of the Eastern Church -- St. Basil the Great, St. Gregory the Theologian, and St. John Chrysostom